Neural electrode arrays are implanted in the peripheral and central nervous system for neural recording and stimulation. They are invaluable tools for basic neuroscience studies such as understanding the brain network, or clinical applications such as neural prostheses.  One problem with such arrays is the long term failure caused by reactive host tissue responses. Several approaches are being explored by our lab to modify the device surface for improved electrode/tissue interface, including neuron adhesion molecule immobilization, controlled release of anti-inflammatory drugs or growth factors, and stem cell seeding.